# ============================================================================= # Title: Naruto Ontology — Starter Scaffold # Purpose: Class hierarchy and properties for the Naruto domain, intentionally # without restrictions or SHACL shapes. Submodule 2.1 and 2.2 # workbooks query this file. Exercise 2.3 extends it into the full # naruto-ontology-1.0.0.ttl release. # # Design decisions are documented here so they are visible alongside # the code. Every non-obvious choice has a comment. # # Date: 2026-06-02 # Author: Barbara Hidalgo-Sotelo (Sensemaking AI) # License: CC BY 4.0 # ============================================================================= @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix owl: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix foaf: . @prefix schema: . @prefix skos: . @prefix naruto: . # ============================================================================= # Ontology Header # ============================================================================= a owl:Ontology ; dcterms:title "Naruto Domain Ontology" ; dcterms:description "An OWL ontology formalizing the Naruto universe: characters, ranks, villages, teams, jutsu, and narrative arcs. Covers the three S-tier arcs from the Naruto Network Graph project." ; dcterms:created "2026-06-02"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:creator ; owl:versionInfo "starter" ; rdfs:seeAlso . # ============================================================================= # CLASS HIERARCHY # Design decisions documented below each class. # ============================================================================= # ── Character ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # rdfs:subClassOf schema:Person rather than foaf:Person because: # - Characters include canonical fictional persons (Naruto, Sasuke) as well as # referenced historical figures within the fiction. # - schema:Person is more permissive and avoids FOAF's implicit "real person" connotation. # - foaf:Person is used for the resume graph (real people); using it here would # conflate ontological contexts if the two graphs were ever merged. naruto:Character a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Person ; rdfs:label "Character"@en ; rdfs:comment "A named individual in the Naruto fiction — canonical, filler, or databook-only." . # ── Ninja ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # Not every Character is a Ninja (e.g., Teuchi the ramen chef). Ninja is the # class we care most about for the Naruto Network Graph use case. naruto:Ninja a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf naruto:Character ; rdfs:label "Ninja"@en ; rdfs:comment "A Character who is a trained ninja, affiliated with at least one village." . # ── NinjaRank ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # NinjaRank is typed as a SKOS ConceptScheme, not an OWL class hierarchy. # The ranks (Genin, Chunin, Jonin, Kage) are concepts in a controlled vocabulary, # not a logical class hierarchy. A Jonin is not a "subtype of Chunin" in a # reasoning sense — they are distinct ranks in a classification scheme. # An individual ninja holds a rank as a role, not by class membership. # This is the SKOS-vs-OWL distinction from Submodule 1.3, applied here. naruto:NinjaRankScheme a skos:ConceptScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Ninja Rank Classification"@en ; rdfs:comment "The official Ninja ranking system in the Naruto universe." . naruto:Genin a skos:Concept ; skos:inScheme naruto:NinjaRankScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Genin"@en ; skos:notation "1" . naruto:Chunin a skos:Concept ; skos:inScheme naruto:NinjaRankScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Chunin"@en ; skos:notation "2" . naruto:Jonin a skos:Concept ; skos:inScheme naruto:NinjaRankScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Jonin"@en ; skos:notation "3" . naruto:SpecialJonin a skos:Concept ; skos:inScheme naruto:NinjaRankScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Special Jonin"@en ; skos:notation "3a" . naruto:Kage a skos:Concept ; skos:inScheme naruto:NinjaRankScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Kage"@en ; skos:notation "4" . naruto:ANBU a skos:Concept ; skos:inScheme naruto:NinjaRankScheme ; skos:prefLabel "ANBU"@en ; skos:notation "S" . # ── Village ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # subClassOf schema:Organization rather than creating a custom hierarchy. # The "village" concept in Naruto is both a political entity and a military # organization — schema:Organization covers both without over-specifying. naruto:Village a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Organization ; rdfs:label "Village"@en ; rdfs:comment "A hidden village (隠れ里, Kakure Sato) — a political and military unit in the Naruto universe." . # ── Team ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # Teams are small operational units within a village, typically 3-4 ninja # plus a Jonin-sensei. Subclass of schema:Organization (they are groups with # defined membership), not of naruto:Village (teams are not villages). naruto:Team a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:Organization ; rdfs:label "Team"@en ; rdfs:comment "A ninja squad — typically 3 genin plus one Jonin-sensei." . # ── Jutsu ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # Jutsu has no schema.org or FOAF equivalent. Custom class. # Design question: is a specific Jutsu (e.g., Sharingan) a class (whose instances # are individual uses of the technique) or an individual? # Decision: treat as individuals (skos:Concept) in the controlled vocabulary sense. # A reasoner treating Jutsu as a class would infer that every ninja who hasJutsu # Sharingan is an instance of Sharingan — which is nonsense. # This is the "punning trap" from Submodule 2.2: don't use a class where a # named individual is the right modeling choice. naruto:Jutsu a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Jutsu"@en ; rdfs:comment "A ninja technique. Individuals of this class are specific techniques; do not subclass Jutsu for individual named techniques." . # ── Arc ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # Design decision: subClassOf schema:CreativeWork rather than schema:Event. # An Arc is a narrative unit in a manga/anime series — more a creative work # (with episodes, chapters) than an event (which implies a location and duration). # schema:TVSeries > schema:CreativeWorkSeason is the closest schema.org match, # but arc ≠ season in Naruto's publication structure. naruto:Arc a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf schema:CreativeWork ; rdfs:label "Arc"@en ; rdfs:comment "A narrative arc in the Naruto series, spanning one or more manga volumes or anime episodes." . # ============================================================================= # OBJECT PROPERTIES # Domain and range declared. No restrictions in this starter scaffold. # Restrictions (cardinality, some/all values) are added in Exercise 2.3. # ============================================================================= # ── senseiOf ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── naruto:senseiOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain naruto:Ninja ; rdfs:range naruto:Ninja ; rdfs:label "senseiOf"@en ; rdfs:comment "Directed mentorship: the subject ninja teaches the object ninja." ; owl:inverseOf naruto:studentOf . naruto:studentOf a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain naruto:Ninja ; rdfs:range naruto:Ninja ; rdfs:label "studentOf"@en ; rdfs:comment "Inverse of senseiOf." ; owl:inverseOf naruto:senseiOf . # ── memberOfTeam ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── naruto:memberOfTeam a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain naruto:Ninja ; rdfs:range naruto:Team ; rdfs:label "memberOfTeam"@en ; rdfs:comment "The subject ninja belongs to the object team." . # ── memberOfVillage ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── naruto:memberOfVillage a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain naruto:Ninja ; rdfs:range naruto:Village ; rdfs:label "memberOfVillage"@en ; rdfs:comment "The subject ninja is affiliated with the object village." . # ── hasJutsu ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── naruto:hasJutsu a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain naruto:Ninja ; rdfs:range naruto:Jutsu ; rdfs:label "hasJutsu"@en ; rdfs:comment "The subject ninja can use the object jutsu technique." . # ── rivalOf ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # Declared symmetric. See Submodule 1.1 workbook Challenge C4 — this was # noted there but the inference was not visible to plain SPARQL. Running # HermiT over this ontology will materialize the symmetric triples. naruto:rivalOf a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain naruto:Ninja ; rdfs:range naruto:Ninja ; rdfs:label "rivalOf"@en ; rdfs:comment "Mutual rivalry. Declared symmetric: if A rivalOf B, a reasoner derives B rivalOf A." . # ── familyOf ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # Symmetric but not transitive: familyOf(A,B) and familyOf(B,C) does not imply # familyOf(A,C) — family relationships don't compose transitively. # This is the "transitivity trap" warning from the Module 2 README. naruto:familyOf a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain naruto:Character ; rdfs:range naruto:Character ; rdfs:label "familyOf"@en ; rdfs:comment "Family relationship. Symmetric but deliberately NOT transitive (avoids transitivity cascade)." . # ── hasRank ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # Range is skos:Concept (a rank in the NinjaRankScheme), not a naruto: class. # This enforces the SKOS-vs-OWL design decision documented under NinjaRank above. naruto:hasRank a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain naruto:Ninja ; rdfs:range skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "hasRank"@en ; rdfs:comment "The ninja's rank in the NinjaRankScheme at a given canonical point. Time-varying; the ontology does not yet model rank changes across arcs." . # ── appearsInArc ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── naruto:appearsInArc a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain naruto:Character ; rdfs:range naruto:Arc ; rdfs:label "appearsInArc"@en ; rdfs:comment "The character appears (with at least one speaking role or canonical fight) in this arc." . # ============================================================================= # DATATYPE PROPERTIES # ============================================================================= naruto:canonicalName a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain naruto:Character ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "canonicalName"@en ; rdfs:comment "The character's name as written in the English Viz manga translation — the canonical reference." . naruto:villageCode a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain naruto:Village ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "villageCode"@en ; rdfs:comment "Standard two-letter village code: KO (Konoha), SU (Suna), KI (Kiri), MO (Mori), KU (Kumo)." . # ============================================================================= # EXAMPLE INDIVIDUALS # A small canonical dataset covering the three S-tier arcs. # Used by the Submodule 2.1 and 2.2 workbooks. # The full dataset lives in examples/chunin-exams-arc.ttl (Exercise 2.3). # ============================================================================= # ── Villages ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── naruto:VillageHiddenLeaf a naruto:Village ; naruto:villageCode "KO" ; schema:name "Village Hidden in the Leaves"@en , "木ノ葉隠れの里"@ja ; rdfs:label "Konohagakure"@en . naruto:VillageHiddenSand a naruto:Village ; naruto:villageCode "SU" ; schema:name "Village Hidden in the Sand"@en , "砂隠れの里"@ja ; rdfs:label "Sunagakure"@en . # ── Teams ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── naruto:Team7 a naruto:Team ; schema:name "Team 7"@en ; schema:memberOf naruto:VillageHiddenLeaf . naruto:Team8 a naruto:Team ; schema:name "Team 8"@en ; schema:memberOf naruto:VillageHiddenLeaf . naruto:TeamGuy a naruto:Team ; schema:name "Team Guy"@en ; schema:memberOf naruto:VillageHiddenLeaf . # ── Jutsu ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── naruto:Sharingan a naruto:Jutsu ; schema:name "Sharingan"@en , "写輪眼"@ja ; rdfs:comment "Uchiha clan kekkei genkai (bloodline limit). Grants genjutsu, copying, and future-sight abilities." . naruto:ShadowCloneJutsu a naruto:Jutsu ; schema:name "Shadow Clone Jutsu"@en , "影分身の術"@ja ; rdfs:comment "Forbidden jutsu that creates solid clones sharing the user's chakra and memories." . naruto:Byakugan a naruto:Jutsu ; schema:name "Byakugan"@en , "白眼"@ja ; rdfs:comment "Hyuga clan kekkei genkai. 360-degree vision, chakra pathway visibility." . naruto:SandManipulation a naruto:Jutsu ; schema:name "Sand Manipulation"@en ; rdfs:comment "Gaara's unique ability to control sand autonomously." . naruto:EightTrigrams a naruto:Jutsu ; schema:name "Eight Trigrams: Sixty-Four Palms"@en , "八卦六十四掌"@ja ; rdfs:comment "Hyuga clan taijutsu sealing chakra points with precise strikes." . # ── Arcs ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── naruto:ChunexamsArc a naruto:Arc ; schema:name "Chunin Exams Arc"@en ; schema:about "naruto" ; rdfs:comment "Chapters 34–115 (manga); Episodes 20–67 (anime). Introduction of rival villages and the central tournament." . naruto:NarutoRetrievalArc a naruto:Arc ; schema:name "Naruto Retrieval Arc"@en ; rdfs:comment "Chapters 172–238. Sasuke's defection and Naruto's pursuit. Introduction of the Sound Five." . naruto:PainAssaultArc a naruto:Arc ; schema:name "Pain's Assault Arc"@en ; rdfs:comment "Chapters 413–453. Nagato / Pain attacks Konoha; Naruto's Six Paths Sage Mode debut." . # ── Characters (core cast) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── naruto:NarutoUzumaki a naruto:Ninja ; naruto:canonicalName "Naruto Uzumaki" ; schema:name "Naruto Uzumaki"@en , "うずまきナルト"@ja ; naruto:memberOfVillage naruto:VillageHiddenLeaf ; naruto:memberOfTeam naruto:Team7 ; naruto:hasRank naruto:Genin ; naruto:hasJutsu naruto:ShadowCloneJutsu ; naruto:rivalOf naruto:SasukeUchiha ; naruto:appearsInArc naruto:ChunexamsArc , naruto:NarutoRetrievalArc , naruto:PainAssaultArc . naruto:SasukeUchiha a naruto:Ninja ; naruto:canonicalName "Sasuke Uchiha" ; schema:name "Sasuke Uchiha"@en , "うちはサスケ"@ja ; naruto:memberOfVillage naruto:VillageHiddenLeaf ; naruto:memberOfTeam naruto:Team7 ; naruto:hasRank naruto:Genin ; naruto:hasJutsu naruto:Sharingan ; naruto:appearsInArc naruto:ChunexamsArc , naruto:NarutoRetrievalArc . naruto:SakuraHaruno a naruto:Ninja ; naruto:canonicalName "Sakura Haruno" ; schema:name "Sakura Haruno"@en , "春野サクラ"@ja ; naruto:memberOfVillage naruto:VillageHiddenLeaf ; naruto:memberOfTeam naruto:Team7 ; naruto:hasRank naruto:Genin ; naruto:appearsInArc naruto:ChunexamsArc , naruto:NarutoRetrievalArc . naruto:KakashiHatake a naruto:Ninja ; naruto:canonicalName "Kakashi Hatake" ; schema:name "Kakashi Hatake"@en , "はたけカカシ"@ja ; naruto:memberOfVillage naruto:VillageHiddenLeaf ; naruto:hasRank naruto:Jonin ; naruto:hasJutsu naruto:Sharingan , naruto:ShadowCloneJutsu ; naruto:senseiOf naruto:NarutoUzumaki , naruto:SasukeUchiha , naruto:SakuraHaruno ; naruto:appearsInArc naruto:ChunexamsArc , naruto:NarutoRetrievalArc , naruto:PainAssaultArc . naruto:HinataHyuga a naruto:Ninja ; naruto:canonicalName "Hinata Hyuga" ; schema:name "Hinata Hyuga"@en , "日向ヒナタ"@ja ; naruto:memberOfVillage naruto:VillageHiddenLeaf ; naruto:memberOfTeam naruto:Team8 ; naruto:hasRank naruto:Genin ; naruto:hasJutsu naruto:Byakugan , naruto:EightTrigrams ; naruto:rivalOf naruto:NarutoUzumaki ; naruto:appearsInArc naruto:ChunexamsArc , naruto:PainAssaultArc . naruto:KurenaiYuhi a naruto:Ninja ; naruto:canonicalName "Kurenai Yuhi" ; schema:name "Kurenai Yuhi"@en , "夕日紅"@ja ; naruto:memberOfVillage naruto:VillageHiddenLeaf ; naruto:hasRank naruto:Jonin ; naruto:senseiOf naruto:HinataHyuga ; naruto:appearsInArc naruto:ChunexamsArc . naruto:RockLee a naruto:Ninja ; naruto:canonicalName "Rock Lee" ; schema:name "Rock Lee"@en , "ロック・リー"@ja ; naruto:memberOfVillage naruto:VillageHiddenLeaf ; naruto:memberOfTeam naruto:TeamGuy ; naruto:hasRank naruto:Genin ; naruto:rivalOf naruto:Gaara ; naruto:appearsInArc naruto:ChunexamsArc . naruto:Gaara a naruto:Ninja ; naruto:canonicalName "Gaara" ; schema:name "Gaara"@en , "我愛羅"@ja ; naruto:memberOfVillage naruto:VillageHiddenSand ; naruto:hasRank naruto:Genin ; naruto:hasJutsu naruto:SandManipulation ; naruto:appearsInArc naruto:ChunexamsArc , naruto:PainAssaultArc .